Candidate modifier genes for immune function in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Catherina T PinnaroTravis HenryHeather J MajorMrutyunjaya ParidaLucy E DesJardinJohn R ManakBenjamin W DarbroPublished in: Molecular genetics & genomic medicine (2019)
The expression of TBX1, which seems to confer the major phenotypic features of 22q11.2DS, is regulated via retinoic acid signaling, and alterations in retinoic acid signaling during embryonic development can lead to phenocopies of 22q11.2DS. These observations support the hypothesis that genetic modifiers outside the microdeletion locus may influence the immune function in 22q11.2DS patients.