Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries in the Pediatric Field: A Multimodality Imaging Approach.
Sara MoscatelliMartina AvesaniNunzia BorrelliJolanda SabatinoValeria PergolaIsabella LeoClaudia MontanaroFrancesca Valeria ContiniGabriella GaudieriJessica IelapiRaffaella MottaMarco Alfonso MerroneGiovanni di SalvoPublished in: Children (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
The complete transposition of the great arteries (C-TGA) is a congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by the reversal of the main arteries. Early detection and precise management are crucial for optimal outcomes. This review emphasizes the integral role of multimodal imaging, including fetal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and long-term follow-up of C-TGA. Fetal echocardiography plays a pivotal role in prenatal detection, enabling early intervention strategies. Despite technological advances, the detection rate varies, highlighting the need for improved screening protocols. TTE remains the cornerstone for initial diagnosis, surgical preparation, and postoperative evaluation, providing essential information on cardiac anatomy, ventricular function, and the presence of associated defects. CMR and CCT offer additional value in C-TGA assessment. CMR, free from ionizing radiation, provides detailed anatomical and functional insights from fetal life into adulthood, becoming increasingly important in evaluating complex cardiac structures and post-surgical outcomes. CCT, with its high-resolution imaging, is indispensable in delineating coronary anatomy and vascular structures, particularly when CMR is contraindicated or inconclusive. This review advocates for a comprehensive imaging approach, integrating TTE, CMR, and CCT to enhance diagnostic accuracy, guide therapeutic interventions, and monitor postoperative conditions in C-TGA patients. Such a multimodal strategy is vital for advancing patient care and improving long-term prognoses in this complex congenital heart disease.
Keyphrases
- high resolution
- left ventricular
- computed tomography
- congenital heart disease
- magnetic resonance
- pulmonary hypertension
- heart failure
- randomized controlled trial
- magnetic resonance imaging
- ejection fraction
- pregnant women
- type diabetes
- coronary artery
- positron emission tomography
- mass spectrometry
- depressive symptoms
- prognostic factors
- coronary artery disease
- physical activity
- newly diagnosed
- high speed
- chronic pain
- early life
- fluorescence imaging
- loop mediated isothermal amplification