Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes.
Akhil ChellapuriMatthew SmithemanJoseph G ChappellGemma ClarkHannah C Howson-WellsLouise BerryJonathan K BallWilliam Lucien IrvingAlexander W TarrC Patrick McClurePublished in: Influenza and other respiratory viruses (2022)
Despite being closest known genetic relatives, our data indicates a potential difference in associated disease between HPIV2 and HPIV4, with more hospitalisation seen in HPIV2 mono-infected individuals, but a greater overall number of HPIV4 cases.