Revealing the crosstalk between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Jianyun JiangHong-Mei YingPublished in: Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR (2022)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) arises from the epithelial cells located in the nasopharynx and has a distinct geographic distribution. Chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, as its most common causative agents, can be detected in 100% of NPC types. In-depth studies of the cellular and molecular events leading to immunosuppression in NPC have revealed new therapeutic targets and diverse combinations that promise to benefit patients with highly refractory, advanced and metastatic NPC. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which NPC cells to circumvent immune surveillance and approaches being attempted to restore immunity. We integrate existing insights into anti-NPC immunity and molecular signaling pathways as well as targeting therapies in anticipation of broader applicability and effectiveness in advanced metastatic NPC.
Keyphrases
- epstein barr virus
- diffuse large b cell lymphoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- small cell lung cancer
- induced apoptosis
- signaling pathway
- systematic review
- randomized controlled trial
- public health
- cancer therapy
- oxidative stress
- machine learning
- single molecule
- drug delivery
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- cell cycle arrest