The Effects of Pictorial Health Warning Label on Waterpipe (Low- and High-Frequency) Smokers' Experiences, Toxicant Exposures, and Puffing Behavior.

Prem GautamMohammad Ebrahimi KalanWei LiZiyad Ben TalebMayra Vargas-RiveraRime JebaiOlatokunbo OsibogunWasim Maziak

Published in: International journal of behavioral medicine (2022)

Our findings indicate that placing PHWL on the WP device may be a promising strategy with differential effectiveness among WP smokers: low-frequency (reduce puffing behaviors) and high-frequency (reduce smoking experience).

Keyphrases

high frequency
smoking cessation
transcranial magnetic stimulation
mental health
public health
healthcare
randomized controlled trial
systematic review
air pollution
health information
social media