Beneficial and Detrimental Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Neurovascular System.
Yoon Kyung ChoiYoung-Myeong KimPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Heme oxygenase (HO) has both beneficial and detrimental effects via its metabolites, including carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin or bilirubin, and ferrous iron. HO-1 is an inducible form of HO that is upregulated by oxidative stress, nitric oxide, CO, and hypoxia, whereas HO-2 is a constitutive form that regulates vascular tone and homeostasis. In brains injured by trauma, ischemia-reperfusion, or Alzheimer's disease (AD), the long-term expression of HO-1 can be detected, which can lead to cytotoxic ferroptosis via iron accumulation. In contrast, the transient induction of HO-1 in the peri-injured region may have regenerative potential (e.g., angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis) and neurovascular protective effects through the CO-mediated signaling pathway, the antioxidant properties of bilirubin, and the iron-mediated ferritin synthesis. In this review, we discuss the dual roles of HO-1 and its metabolites in various neurovascular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, traumatic brain injury, Gilbert's syndrome, and AD.
Keyphrases
- pi k akt
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- traumatic brain injury
- nitric oxide
- age related macular degeneration
- stem cells
- ms ms
- poor prognosis
- iron deficiency
- cell death
- computed tomography
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- dna damage
- risk assessment
- cell proliferation
- induced apoptosis
- brain injury
- nitric oxide synthase
- long non coding rna
- contrast enhanced
- heat shock protein