Fish with slow life-history cope better with chronic manganese exposure than fish with fast life-history.

Animals with different life-history types vary in their stress-coping styles, which can affect their fitness and survival in changing environments. We studied how chronic exposure to manganese sulfate (MnSO 4 ), a common aquatic pollutant, affects life-history traits, physiology, and behavior of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) with two life-history types: fast (previously selected for fast juvenile growth, early maturation, and small adult body size) and slow life histories (selected for slow juvenile growth, late maturation, and large adult body size). We found that MnSO 4 had negative effects on growth and condition factors, but the magnitude of these effects depended on the life-history type. Individuals with fast life histories were more susceptible to MnSO 4 than fish with slow life histories as they had lower growth rate, condition factor and feeding probability in high MnSO 4 concentrations. Our results demonstrate that MnSO 4 can impair fish performance, and life-history variation can modulate the stress-coping ability of individuals.