Anatomical and behavioral correlates of auditory perception in developmental dyslexia.

The capacity to read is crucial for human development yet challenging for individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD). Individuals with DD show a range of auditory and speech processing deficits. We tested non-speech and speech processing abilities in DD and typically developing children, and combined them with measures of neuroanatomical structure in the human auditory speech cortex on the superior temporal gyrus (STG).This unique combination revealed a behavioral and neuroanatomical dissociation between the speech and non-speech processing. Each task was uniquely related to a subdivision of the STG, and a distinct set of cognitive abilities. Our findings contribute to the understanding of auditory processing deficits in dyslexia and have clinical implications for individual phenotypes of individuals with DD.