Molecular Mechanisms and Current Treatment Options for Cancer Cachexia.
Syed Sayeed AhmadKhursheed AhmadSibhghatulla ShaikhHye Jin YouEun-Young LeeShahid AliEun Ju LeeInho ChoiPublished in: Cancers (2022)
Cancer cachexia is a condition marked by functional, metabolic, and immunological dysfunctions associated with skeletal muscle (SM) atrophy, adipose tissue loss, fat reduction, systemic inflammation, and anorexia. Generally, the condition is caused by a variety of mediators produced by cancer cells and cells in tumor microenvironments. Myostatin and activin signaling, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling are known to play roles in cachexia, and thus, these pathways are considered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cachexia and the available therapeutic options and was undertaken to increase understanding of the various factors/pathways/mediators involved and to identify potential treatment options.
Keyphrases
- pi k akt
- cell cycle arrest
- adipose tissue
- skeletal muscle
- papillary thyroid
- signaling pathway
- insulin resistance
- squamous cell
- induced apoptosis
- cell proliferation
- healthcare
- squamous cell carcinoma
- human health
- lymph node metastasis
- risk assessment
- metabolic syndrome
- climate change
- childhood cancer
- fatty acid
- growth hormone