Estimating the Effect of Depression on HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors Among People Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam: A Causal Approach.
Sara N LevintowBrian W PenceKimberly A PowersTeerada SripaipanTran Viet HaViet Anh ChuVu Minh QuanCarl A LatkinVivian F GoPublished in: AIDS and behavior (2021)
The burden of depression and HIV is high among people who inject drugs (PWID), yet the effect of depression on transmission risk behaviors is not well understood in this population. Using causal inference methods, we analyzed data from 455 PWID living with HIV in Vietnam 2009-2013. Study visits every 6 months over 2 years measured depressive symptoms in the past week and injecting and sexual behaviors in the prior 3 months. Severe depressive symptoms (vs. mild/no symptoms) increased injection equipment sharing (risk difference [RD] = 3.9 percentage points, 95% CI -1.7, 9.6) but not condomless sex (RD = -1.8, 95% CI -6.4, 2.8) as reported 6 months later. The cross-sectional association with injection equipment sharing at the same visit (RD = 6.2, 95% CI 1.4, 11.0) was stronger than the longitudinal effect. Interventions on depression among PWID may decrease sharing of injection equipment and the corresponding risk of HIV transmission.Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01689545.
Keyphrases
- depressive symptoms
- sleep quality
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv positive
- hiv infected
- hiv testing
- men who have sex with men
- human immunodeficiency virus
- cross sectional
- clinical trial
- hepatitis c virus
- health information
- social media
- ultrasound guided
- physical activity
- healthcare
- south africa
- machine learning
- mental health
- open label
- single cell
- study protocol
- data analysis
- drug induced
- phase ii
- artificial intelligence