Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in the Lungs of Smokers, Nonsmokers, and Electronic Cigarette Users.

Min-Ae SongJo L FreudenheimTheodore M BraskyEwy A MatheJoseph P McElroyQuentin A NickersonSarah A Reisinger Dominic J SmiragliaDaniel Y WengKevin L YingMark D WewersPeter G Shields

Published in: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (2019)

These data can be used for product regulation and for informing tobacco users considering or using e-cigs. What is unknown may be unique effects for e-cigs not measured herein, and clinical trials with serial bronchoscopy underway can demonstrate a direct relationship for changes in lung biomarkers.

Keyphrases

clinical trial
smoking cessation
electronic health record
big data
randomized controlled trial
study protocol
double blind