Cultural evolution: The third component of mental illness heritability.

Uchiyama et al. provide a theoretical framework to explain the gap between reported gene-environment interactions and real-life epidemiological statistics. Through cultural evolution, informed behavioral approaches mitigate the impact of environmental risk on disease onset. Similarly, here we propose that fostering certain behavioral traits, transmitted culturally or through access to scientific knowledge, could confer resilience to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.