Introduction of Asymmetry in the Fused 4-Oxalocrotonate Tautomerases.
Kaci ErwinR Yvette MorenoBert-Jan BaasYan Jessie ZhangChristian P WhitmanPublished in: Biochemistry (2023)
Members of the 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) subgroup in the tautomerase superfamily (TSF) are constructed from a single β-α-β unit and form homo- or heterohexamers, whereas those of the other four subgroups are composed of two consecutively joined β-α-β units and form trimers. A subset of sequences, double the length of the short 4-OTs, is found in the 4-OT subgroup. These "fused" 4-OTs form a separate subgroup that connects to the short 4-OTs in a sequence similarity network (SSN). The fused gene can be a template for the other four subgroups, resulting in the diversification of activity. Analysis of the SSN shows that multiple nodes in the fused 4-OTs connect to five linker nodes, which in turn connect to the short 4-OTs. Some fused 4-OTs are symmetric trimers and others are asymmetric trimers. The origin of this asymmetry was investigated by subjecting the sequences in three linker nodes and a closely associated fourth node to kinetic, mutagenic, and structural analyses. The results show that each sequence corresponds to the α- or β-subunit of a heterohexamer that functions as a 4-OT. Mutagenesis indicates that the key residues in both are αPro1 and βArg-11, like that of a typical 4-OT. Crystallographic analysis shows that both heterohexamers are asymmetric, where one heterodimer is flipped 180° relative to the other two heterodimers. The fusion of two subunits (α and β) of one asymmetric heterohexamer generates an asymmetric trimer with 4-OT activity. Hence, asymmetry can be introduced at the heterohexamer level and then retained in the fused trimers.
Keyphrases
- sentinel lymph node
- solid state
- crispr cas
- lymph node
- gene expression
- clinical trial
- wastewater treatment
- genome wide
- phase iii
- radiation therapy
- dna methylation
- sensitive detection
- copy number
- living cells
- study protocol
- open label
- quantum dots
- atomic force microscopy
- single molecule
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- genome wide identification
- locally advanced