Frequency and spatial distribution of knock-down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids in multiple oilseed rape pest species of the genus Ceutorhynchus.

The present study demonstrated the potential of all four Ceutorhynchus species tested to develop pyrethroid resistance via the L1014F (kdr) mutation. Although kdr frequency varies among species and geographic locations, the risk of loss of pyrethroid insecticide effectiveness is high. Integration of other control tools for resistance management is therefore needed.