TACE with degradable starch microspheres (DSM-TACE) as second-line treatment in HCC patients dismissing or ineligible for sorafenib.

• DSM-TACE is safe and effective as second-line treatment in HCC patients dismissing or ineligible for sorafenib • DSM-TACE allows the temporary occlusion of the smaller arterial vessels, improving overall therapeutic effectiveness by reducing the immediate wash-out of the cytostatic agent • DSM-TACE also decreases the risk of systemic toxicity and post-embolic syndrome.