Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts.
Hans-Otto PörtnerR J ScholesAlmut ArnethD K A BarnesMichael T BurrowsSarah E DiamondCarlos M DuarteWolfgang KiesslingPaul LeadleyShunsuke ManagiPamela McElweeGuy F MidgleyHien T NgoDavid O OburaUnai PascualMahesh SankaranYunne-Jai ShinAdalberto Luis ValPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2023)
Earth's biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social and economic inequalities, and habitat loss, many of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, and society and develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C and effectively conserving and restoring functional ecosystems on 30 to 50% of land, freshwater, and ocean "scapes." We envision a mosaic of interconnected protected and shared spaces, including intensively used spaces, to strengthen self-sustaining biodiversity, the capacity of people and nature to adapt to and mitigate climate change, and nature's contributions to people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, and planetary health for a livable future urgently requires bold implementation of transformative policy interventions through interconnected institutions, governance, and social systems from local to global levels.
Keyphrases
- climate change
- healthcare
- human health
- mental health
- endothelial cells
- public health
- heavy metals
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- risk assessment
- pluripotent stem cells
- primary care
- current status
- physical activity
- particulate matter
- life cycle
- quality improvement
- air pollution
- rectal cancer
- resting state
- health promotion