Studies report a variable incidence of TAVR-IE and TEER-IE influenced by diverse patient risk profiles and procedural factors. Younger age, male gender, and certain comorbidities emerge as patient-related risk factors. Procedure-related factors include intervention location, valve type, and technical aspects. Microbiologically, Staphylococcus aureus, Viridans Group Streptococcus, and Enterococcus are frequently encountered pathogens. TAVR-IE and TEER-IE diagnosis involves a multimodal imaging approach due to limitations in echocardiography. Blood cultures and imaging aid identification, with Fluorescence in situ hybridization is showing promise. Treatment encompasses medical management with antibiotics and, when necessary, surgical intervention. The management approach requires a multidisciplinary "Endocarditis Team." This review underscores the need for continued research to refine risk prediction, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and optimize management strategies for TAVR-IE, considering the evolving landscape of transcatheter interventions.
Keyphrases
- aortic valve
- risk factors
- aortic stenosis
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- staphylococcus aureus
- randomized controlled trial
- high resolution
- biofilm formation
- case report
- left ventricular
- healthcare
- atrial fibrillation
- machine learning
- computed tomography
- palliative care
- coronary artery disease
- ejection fraction
- pulmonary hypertension
- mass spectrometry
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- multidrug resistant
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- single cell
- cystic fibrosis
- single molecule
- photodynamic therapy
- gram negative
- smoking cessation