Cells to the Rescue: Emerging Cell-Based Treatment Approaches for NMOSD and MOGAD.
Judith DerdelinckxTatjana ReyndersInez WensNathalie CoolsBarbara WillekensPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Cell-based therapies are gaining momentum as promising treatments for rare neurological autoimmune diseases, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. The development of targeted cell therapies is hampered by the lack of adequate animal models that mirror the human disease. Most cell-based treatments, including HSCT, CAR-T cell, tolerogenic dendritic cell and mesenchymal stem cell treatment have entered early stage clinical trials or have been used as rescue treatment in treatment-refractory cases. The development of antigen-specific cell-based immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases is slowed down by the rarity of the diseases, the lack of surrogate outcomes and biomarkers that are able to predict long-term outcomes and/or therapy effectiveness as well as challenges in the manufacturing of cellular products. These challenges are likely to be overcome by future research.
Keyphrases
- single cell
- early stage
- cell therapy
- clinical trial
- dendritic cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- randomized controlled trial
- endothelial cells
- type diabetes
- regulatory t cells
- cell proliferation
- squamous cell carcinoma
- induced apoptosis
- combination therapy
- immune response
- radiation therapy
- metabolic syndrome
- oxidative stress
- phase ii
- white matter
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- lymph node
- glycemic control
- placebo controlled