The relationship between sleep-wake disturbances and frailty among older adults: A systematic review.

Due to the indefinite role of sleep-wake disturbances in the pathophysiology of frailty, nearly all nurse-led care programmes for frail older adults did not include any sleep-related screening and interventions. Nevertheless, the consistent evidence on the association between poor sleep quality and higher risk of frailty shows the need of incorporating assessments and interventions for improving sleep quality in nurse-led care programmes for frail older adults. Moreover, such evidence also generates casual hypothesis for future prospective longitudinal studies that explore the causality of this relationship.