Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained attention with mounting evidence of their importance in cell signaling and various disease states. ROS is produced continuously as a natural by-product of normal oxygen metabolism. However, high levels ROS causes oxidative stress and damage to biomolecules. This results in loss of protein function, DNA cleavage, lipid peroxidation, or ultimately cell injury or death. Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic; studies show fat accumulation is associated with increased ROS and oxidative stress. Evidence exists supporting oxidative stress as a factor driving forward insulin resistance (IR), potentially resulting in diabetes. Na+/K+-ATPase signaling is also a potential source of ROS promoting oxidative stress. The best way to observe radical species in biological systems is electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with spin trapping. EPR spin trapping is an important technique to study the mechanisms driving disease states attributed to ROS.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- reactive oxygen species
- dna damage
- insulin resistance
- cell death
- type diabetes
- single molecule
- metabolic syndrome
- diabetic rats
- induced apoptosis
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- adipose tissue
- weight loss
- room temperature
- density functional theory
- cardiovascular disease
- single cell
- high fat diet induced
- cell therapy
- weight gain
- working memory
- skeletal muscle
- fatty acid
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- binding protein
- mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- body mass index
- risk assessment
- climate change
- transcription factor
- heat shock protein
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- protein protein
- circulating tumor
- quantum dots