Intestinal Efflux Transporters P-gp and BCRP Are Not Clinically Relevant in Apixaban Disposition.

Inhibition or induction of intestinal CYP3A4 can account for exposure changes of apixaban in all clinically significant drug-drug interactions, and lack of intestinal CYP3A4 inhibition can explain all studies with no exposure changes, regardless of the potential for these perpetrators to inhibit intestinal or systemic efflux transporters.