Ferroelectric Modulation in Flexible Lead-Free Perovskite Schottky Direct-Current Nanogenerator for Capsule-Like Magnetic Suspension Sensor.

Tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG), a promising semiconductor energy technology, displays outstanding advantages such as low matching impedance and continuous direct-current output. However, the lack of controllable and stable performance modulation strategies is still a major bottleneck that impedes further practical applications of TVNG. Herein, by leveraging the ferroelectricity-enhanced mechanism and the control of interfacial energy band bending, we construct a lead-free perovskite-based [3,3-difluorocyclobutylammonium] 2 CuCl 4 ((DF-CBA) 2 CuCl 4 )/Al Schottky junction TVNG. The multiaxial ferroelectricity of (DF-CBA) 2 CuCl 4 enables an excellent surface charge modulating capacity, realizing a high work function regulation of ∼ 0.7 eV and over 15-fold current regulation (from 6 μA to 93 μA) via an electrical poling control. The controllable electrical poling leads to elevated work function difference between Al electrode and (DF-CBA) 2 CuCl 4 compared to traditional semiconductors and halide perovskites, which creates a stronger built-in electric field at the Schottky interface to enhance the electrical output. This TVNG device exhibits outstanding flexibility and long-term stability (> 20000 cycles) that can endure extreme mechanical deformations, and can also be used in a capsule-like magnetic suspension device capable of detecting vibration and weights of different objects as well as harvesting energy from human motions and water waves. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.