Biotransformations and cytotoxicity of eleven graphene and inorganic two-dimensional nanomaterials using simulated digestions coupled with a triculture in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal epithelium.

studies. These would include studies of effects on co-ingested nutrient digestion and absorption, which have been documented for numerous ingested ENMs, as well as effects on the gut microbiome, which can have important health implications.