The Latest Findings of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Application in Gynecologic Cancers.
Omid KooshkakiAfshin DerakhshaniHossein SafarpourSouzan NajafiParviz VahediOronzo BrunettiMitra TorabiParisa LotfinejadAngelo Virgilio ParadisoVito RacanelliNicola SilvestrisBehzad BaradaranPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2020)
Gynecologic cancers account for approximately 11% of the newly diagnosed cancers in women in the United States and for 18% globally. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) influences the clinical outcome of cancer patients and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), and anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4), which have been approved for treating different types of malignancies. Antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint have shown dynamic and durable tumor regressions, suggesting a rebalancing of the host-tumor interaction. There are several the US food and drug administration (FDA)-approved ICIs targeting PD-1, including pembrolizumab and nivolumab, as well as those targeting PD-L1, including avelumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab for melanoma, renal cell cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, cervix cancer, urothelial cancer, and lung cancer. Current pre-clinical and clinical studies assessing PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in several gynecologic cancers have reported significant antitumor activity. In this review, we investigate pre-clinical and clinical studies that describe the safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, with a particular focus on ongoing clinical trials, analyzing the oncological outcome and adverse effects of ICIs in gynecologic cancers.
Keyphrases
- papillary thyroid
- drug administration
- clinical trial
- childhood cancer
- newly diagnosed
- squamous cell
- endometrial cancer
- stem cells
- randomized controlled trial
- emergency department
- squamous cell carcinoma
- pregnant women
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- risk assessment
- young adults
- type diabetes
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- minimally invasive
- preterm birth
- adipose tissue
- climate change
- drug delivery
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- tyrosine kinase
- binding protein