Bidirectional perforators in the lower limb are not physiologically normal: A brief commentary.
André M van RijBrigid G HillKate N ThomasPublished in: Phlebology (2023)
The suggestion that bidirectional flow is a normal feature seen in venous perforators of the lower leg has been a longstanding debate. Newer published evidence has changed the perspective on normal perforator flow and is presented here to resolve the misunderstandings and different viewpoints previously held.