The role of NOX4 in pulmonary diseases.
Zi-Ming LiSheng-Ya XuYi-Zhuo FengYu-Rui ChengJian-Bing XiongYong ZhouCha-Xiang GuanPublished in: Journal of cellular physiology (2020)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a subtype of the NOX family, which is mainly expressed in the pulmonary vasculature and pulmonary endothelial cells in the respiratory system. NOX4 has unique characteristics, and is a constitutively active enzyme that primarily produces hydrogen peroxide. The signaling pathways associated with NOX4 are complicated. Negative and positive feedback play significant roles in regulating NOX4 expression. The role of NOX4 is controversial because NOX4 plays a protective or damaging role in different respiratory diseases. This review summarizes the structure, enzymatic properties, regulation, and signaling pathways of NOX4. This review then introduces the roles of NOX4 in different diseases in the respiratory system, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
Keyphrases
- reactive oxygen species
- hydrogen peroxide
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- endothelial cells
- signaling pathway
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- nitric oxide
- poor prognosis
- pulmonary fibrosis
- intensive care unit
- oxidative stress
- lung function
- long non coding rna
- binding protein
- induced apoptosis
- high glucose