Silencing of the Prophenoloxidase Gene BtPPO1 Increased the Ability of Acquisition and Retention of Tomato chlorosis virus by Bemisia tabaci .

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) has seriously impacted tomato production around the world. ToCV is semi-persistently transmitted by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci , which is a serious agricultural pest in the world. However, the interaction mechanism between ToCV and its whitefly vector is still poorly understood. Our previous transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression level of an immune-related gene, prophenoloxidase (PPO), in B. tabaci increased after ToCV acquisition, which indicates that the PPO may be involved in the interaction mechanism between the ToCV and its vector. To determine the role of the PPO in the acquisition and retention of ToCV by B. tabaci , we cloned the complete Open Reading Frames (ORF) of the BtPPO s ( BtPPO1 and BtPPO2 ), and then structure and phylogenetic analyses were performed. BtPPO s were closely related to the PPO genes of Hemiptera insects. Spatial-temporal expression detection was qualified by using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and this revealed that BtPPO s were expressed in all tissues and developmental stages. We found that only BtPPO1 was significantly upregulated after B. tabaci acquired ToCV for 12 and 24 h. According to the paraffin-fluorescence probe-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiment, we verified that ToCV and BtPPO 1 were co-located in the thorax of B . tabaci , which further revealed the location of their interaction. Finally, the effects of the BtPPO s on ToCV acquisition and retention by B. tabaci were determined using RNA interference (RNAi). The results showed that the RNAi of the responsive gene ( BtPPO1 ) significantly increased the titer of ToCV in B. tabaci . These results demonstrate that BtPPO1 participates in ToCV acquisition and retention by B. tabaci .