Plasmid-encoded toxin defence mediates mutualistic microbial interactions.
Sarah MoraïsMichael MazorOmar Tovar-HerreraTamar ZehaviAlvah ZoreaMorya IfrachDavid BogumilAlexander BrandisJens WalterNatalie EliaEyal GurItzhak MizrahiPublished in: Nature microbiology (2023)
Gut environments harbour dense microbial ecosystems in which plasmids are widely distributed. Plasmids facilitate the exchange of genetic material among microorganisms while enabling the transfer of a diverse array of accessory functions. However, their precise impact on microbial community composition and function remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a prevalent bacterial toxin and a plasmid-encoded resistance mechanism that mediates the interaction between Lactobacilli and Enterococci. This plasmid is widespread across ecosystems, including the rumen and human gut microbiota. Biochemical characterization of the plasmid revealed a defence mechanism against reuterin, a toxin produced by various gut microbes, such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri. Using a targeted metabolomic approach, we find reuterin to be prevalent across rumen ecosystems with impacts on microbial community structure. Enterococcus strains carrying the protective plasmid were isolated and their interactions with L. reuteri, the toxin producer, were studied in vitro. Interestingly, we found that by conferring resistance against reuterin, the plasmid mediates metabolic exchange between the defending and the attacking microbial species, resulting in a beneficial relationship or mutualism. Hence, we reveal here an ecological role for a plasmid-coded defence system in mediating a beneficial interaction.
Keyphrases
- escherichia coli
- microbial community
- climate change
- biofilm formation
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- antibiotic resistance genes
- endothelial cells
- crispr cas
- genome wide
- single cell
- high resolution
- cancer therapy
- copy number
- risk assessment
- staphylococcus aureus
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- human health
- mass spectrometry
- cystic fibrosis
- candida albicans