Response to intravenous racemic ketamine after switch from intranasal (S)-ketamine on symptoms of treatment-resistant depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in Veterans: A retrospective case series.

This work suggests that off-label IV-(R,S)-ketamine could be considered a reasonable next step in patients who do not respond adequately to the FDA-approved IN-(S)-ketamine. Further double-blinded, randomized controlled trials are warranted to assess whether IV racemic ketamine is more effective than IN-(S)-ketamine.