The Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 and Lipocalin 2 Expressions in Primary Breast Cancer and Their Associations with Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Factors.

The results of the study highlight the association of LCN2 with known prognostic factors and molecular subtypes. To identify potential immunotherapy recipients, it would be useful to evaluate LCN2 as well as PD-L1 immune targets in different subgroups of breast cancer patients. Further studies with larger patient numbers are warranted to validate these observations and establish standardized scoring criteria for LCN2 expression assessment.