Prognostication in Japanese patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing early radical cystectomy.

The highest-risk status among the pre-bacillus Calmette-Guérin factors was associated with upstaging to extravesical tumors and poor prognosis despite early radical cystectomy procedures. Appropriate decision-making and the correct timing of radical cystectomy are vital to avoid treatment delays and improve outcomes.