A Mechanistic Review on How Berberine Use Combats Diabetes and Related Complications: Molecular, Cellular, and Metabolic Effects.
Vahid Reza AskariKimia KhosraviVafa Baradaran RahimiStefania GarzoliPublished in: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that can be extracted from herbs such as Coptis, Phellodendron, and Berberis. BBR has been widely used as a folk medicine to treat various disorders. It is a multi-target drug with multiple mechanisms. Studies have shown that it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can also adjust intestinal microbial flora. This review focused on the promising antidiabetic effects of BBR in several cellular, animal, and clinical studies. Based on previous research, BBR significantly reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, BBR stimulated insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance through different pathways, including up-regulation of protein expression of proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, glucose transporter (GLUT) 4, PI3K/AKT, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Interestingly, it was demonstrated that BBR has protective effects against diabetes complications, such as diabetic-induced hepatic damage, cardiovascular disorders, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Furthermore, multiple clinical trial studies have emphasized the ameliorative effects of BBR in type 2 diabetic patients.
Keyphrases
- blood glucose
- glycemic control
- oxidative stress
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- protein kinase
- pi k akt
- anti inflammatory
- clinical trial
- signaling pathway
- cardiovascular disease
- diabetic rats
- skeletal muscle
- blood pressure
- cell proliferation
- adipose tissue
- risk factors
- randomized controlled trial
- dna damage
- high fat diet
- drug induced
- cell cycle arrest
- weight loss
- induced apoptosis
- emergency department
- wound healing
- high fat diet induced
- phase iii
- heat shock protein