Differential expression of IFN-α, IL-12 and BAFF on renal immune cells and its relevance to disease activity and treatment responsiveness in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.

The immunohistochemistry (IHC) of IFN-α, IL-12 and BAFF for proliferative LN enabled grouping. Especially, the IFN-α and IL-12 groups showed different clinicopathological features and renal prognoses. The results indicated the possibility of stratifying cases according to the IHC of target molecules, which might lead to precision medicine.