Targeting of GSDMD sensitizes HCC to anti-PD-1 by activating cGAS pathway and downregulating PD-L1 expression.

Targeting GSDMD could promote expression of interferons through inactivation of cGAS pathway and downregulated the PD-L1 expression. Therefore, combined anti-PD-1 and GSDMD inhibitor might serve as an effective treatment option for patients with HCC with GSDMD upregulation.