Social Citizenship Through Out-of-Home Participation Among Older Adults With and Without Dementia.

There is limited empirical knowledge about how older adults living with dementia enact their social citizenship through out-of-home participation. This study aimed: (a) to investigate out-of-home participation among older adults with and without dementia in four countries and (b) to compare aspects of stability or change in out-of-home participation. Using a cross-sectional design, older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia and without dementia, aged 55 years and over, were interviewed using the Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside the Home questionnaire in Canada (<i>n</i> = 58), Sweden (<i>n</i> = 69), Switzerland (<i>n</i> = 70), and the United Kingdom (<i>n</i> = 128). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a two-way analysis of variance. After adjustment for age, diagnosis of dementia and country of residence had significant effects on total out-of-home participation (<i>p</i> &lt; .01). The results contribute to policies and development of programs to facilitate social citizenship by targeting specific activities and places.