BRAF Mutation in Colorectal Cancers: From Prognostic Marker to Targetable Mutation.
Izuma NakayamaToru HirotaEiji ShinozakiPublished in: Cancers (2020)
The Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutation is detected in 8-12% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) and is strongly correlated with poor prognosis. The recent success of the BEACON CRC study and the development of targeted therapy have led to the determination of BRAF-mutated mCRCs as an independent category. For nearly two decades, a growing body of evidence has established the significance of the BRAF mutation in the development of CRC. Herein, we overview both basic and clinical data relevant to BRAF-mutated CRC, mainly focusing on the development of treatment strategies. This review is organized into eight sections, including clinicopathological features, molecular features, prognosis, the predictive value of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy, resistant mechanisms for BRAF-targeting treatment, the heterogeneity of the BRAF mutation, future perspectives, and conclusions. A characterization of the canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is essential for controlling this malignancy, and the optimal combination of multiple interventions for treatments remains a point of debate.
Keyphrases
- wild type
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- metastatic colorectal cancer
- poor prognosis
- tyrosine kinase
- small cell lung cancer
- long non coding rna
- advanced non small cell lung cancer
- squamous cell carcinoma
- signaling pathway
- sars cov
- cancer therapy
- single cell
- deep learning
- bone marrow
- mass spectrometry
- mesenchymal stem cells
- combination therapy
- big data
- young adults
- replacement therapy
- protein kinase