Effects of Resistance Training on the Redox Status of Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults.
Paulo Henrique Caldeira MesquitaDonald A LambJoshua S GodwinShelby C OsburnBradley A RupleJohnathon H MooreChristopher G VannKevin W HugginsAndrew D FrugeKaelin C YoungAndreas N KavazisMichael D RobertsPublished in: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on the redox status of skeletal muscle in older adults. Thirteen males aged 64 ± 9 years performed full-body RT 2x/week for 6 weeks. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis prior to and following RT. The mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity levels of various endogenous antioxidants were determined. In addition, skeletal muscle 4-hydroxynonenal and protein carbonyls were determined as markers of oxidative damage. Protein levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were also quantified. RT increased mRNA levels of all assayed antioxidant genes, albeit protein levels either did not change or decreased. RT increased total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities, and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity. Lipid peroxidation also decreased and HSP60 protein increased following RT. In summary, 6 weeks of RT decreased oxidative damage and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Our results suggest the older adult responses to RT involve multi-level (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational) control of the redox status of skeletal muscle.
Keyphrases
- skeletal muscle
- heat shock
- resistance training
- insulin resistance
- protein protein
- binding protein
- physical activity
- body composition
- gene expression
- amino acid
- oxidative stress
- heat shock protein
- heat stress
- hydrogen peroxide
- transcription factor
- randomized controlled trial
- nitric oxide
- small molecule
- clinical trial
- anti inflammatory
- gestational age
- study protocol