Low-Level Laser Therapy Induces Melanoma Tumor Growth by Promoting Angiogenesis.
Yi-Yuan LinShin-Yi LeeYu-Jung ChengPublished in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
The effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on tumor growth are inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the effects of LLLT on melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis. C57/BL6 mice were challenged with B16F10 melanoma cells and treated with LLLT for 5 consecutive days; untreated mice were used as controls. Tumor weight, angiogenesis, immunohistochemistry, and protein levels were compared between the treated and untreated mice. In an in vitro experiment, B16F10 cells were treated with LLLT. Proteins were extracted and subjected to Western blot analysis for analyzing signaling pathways. Compared with the findings in the untreated mice, tumor weight substantially increased in the treated mice. Both immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses revealed markedly increased levels of CD31, a biomarker of vascular differentiation, in the LLLT group. In B16F10 cells, LLLT considerably induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which, in turn, phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore, LLLT induced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, but not hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, through the ERK/p38 MAKP signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that LLLT induces melanoma tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, it should be avoided in patients with melanoma.
Keyphrases
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- high fat diet induced
- endothelial cells
- pi k akt
- physical activity
- type diabetes
- weight loss
- south africa
- diabetic rats
- oxidative stress
- poor prognosis
- wild type
- skin cancer
- newly diagnosed
- small molecule
- wound healing
- high resolution
- insulin resistance
- single cell
- adipose tissue
- transcription factor
- drug induced
- binding protein
- amino acid