Acinetobacter baumannii regulates its stress responses via the BfmRS two-component regulatory system.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a common nosocomial pathogen that utilizes numerous mechanisms to aid its survival in both the environment and in the host. Coordination of such mechanisms requires an intricate regulatory network. We report here that A. baumannii can directly regulate several stress-related pathways via the two-component regulatory system, BfmRS. Similar to previous studies, results from transcriptomic analysis showed that mutation of the BfmR response regulator causes dysregulation of genes required for the oxidative stress response, the osmotic stress response, the misfolded protein/heat shock response, Csu pili/fimbriae production, and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis. We also found that the BfmRS system is involved in controlling siderophore biosynthesis and transport, and type IV pili production. We provide evidence that BfmR binds to various stress-related promoter regions and show that BfmR alone can directly activate transcription of some stress-related genes. Additionally, we show that the BfmS sensor kinase acts as a BfmR phosphatase to negatively regulate BfmR activity. This work highlights the importance of the BfmRS system in promoting survival of A. baumannii. Importance Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that has extremely high rates of multidrug resistance. This organism's ability to endure stressful conditions is a key part of its ability to spread in the hospital environment and cause infections. Unlike other members of the γ-proteobacteria, A. baumannii does not encode a homolog of the RpoS sigma factor to coordinate its stress response. Here, we demonstrate that the BfmRS two-component system directly controls the expression of multiple stress resistance genes. Our findings suggest that BfmRS is central to a unique scheme of general stress response regulation by A. baumannii.