Noninvasive and real-time monitoring of Au nanoparticle promoted cancer metastasis using in vivo flow cytometry.
Wen PangShihui DingLiyun LinChen WangMan LeiJiale XuXintong WangJunle QuXunbin WeiBobo GuPublished in: Biomedical optics express (2021)
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality globally, while cancer metastasis, which accounts for about 90% of cancer-related mortality, presents an extremely poor prognosis. Thus, various nanomedicines were designed and synthesized for cancer treatment, but nanomaterials could lead to endothelial leakiness and consequently facilitate intravasation and extravasation of cancer cells to form circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which were regarded as the potential metastatic seeds, possibly accelerating cancer metastasis. Neither possible metastatic sites were observed nor rare CTCs could be measured using common methods at the early stage of cancer metastasis, it is urgent to explore new technology to dynamically monitor nanomedicine promoted cancer metastasis with high sensitivity, which would be beneficial for cancer treatment as well as design and synthesis of nanomedicine. Herein, a novel optical biopsy tool i.e. in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) was constructed to noninvasively and real-time monitor CTCs of tumor-bearing mice treated with various concentrations of Au nanoparticles. The in vivo experimental results demonstrated the promoted CTCs were Au nanoparticles dose-dependent consistent with the in vitro results, which showed Au nanoparticles induced dose-dependent gaps in the blood vessel endothelial walls to accelerate CTCs formation, making IVFC a promising biopsy tool in fundamental, pre-clinical and clinical investigation of nanomedicine and cancer metastasis.
Keyphrases
- circulating tumor cells
- papillary thyroid
- squamous cell
- poor prognosis
- early stage
- flow cytometry
- squamous cell carcinoma
- sensitive detection
- long non coding rna
- type diabetes
- endothelial cells
- metabolic syndrome
- risk assessment
- lymph node
- reduced graphene oxide
- risk factors
- childhood cancer
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- drug induced
- rectal cancer
- locally advanced
- insulin resistance
- high glucose
- sentinel lymph node