Cancer Stem Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Origins and Biomarkers.
Francesco LasorsaMonica RutiglianoMartina MilellaMatteo FerroSavio Domenico PandolfoFelice CrocettoRiccardo AutorinoMichele BattagliaPasquale DitonnoGiuseppe LucarelliPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
The term "cancer stem cell" (CSC) refers to a cancer cell with the following features: clonogenic ability, the expression of stem cell markers, differentiation into cells of different lineages, growth in nonadhesive spheroids, and the in vivo ability to generate serially transplantable tumors that reflect the heterogeneity of primary cancers (tumorigenicity). According to this model, CSCs may arise from normal stem cells, progenitor cells, and/or differentiated cells because of striking genetic/epigenetic mutations or from the fusion of tissue-specific stem cells with circulating bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). CSCs use signaling pathways similar to those controlling cell fate during early embryogenesis (Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factors, leukemia inhibitory factor, and transforming growth factor-β). Recent studies identified a subpopulation of CD133+/CD24+ cells from ccRCC specimens that displayed self-renewal ability and clonogenic multipotency. The development of agents targeting CSC signaling-specific pathways and not only surface proteins may ultimately become of utmost importance for patients with RCC.
Keyphrases
- stem cells
- cancer stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- bone marrow
- transforming growth factor
- renal cell carcinoma
- cell cycle arrest
- signaling pathway
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- cell fate
- poor prognosis
- acute myeloid leukemia
- dna methylation
- oxidative stress
- genome wide
- cell proliferation
- gene expression
- preterm infants
- cancer therapy
- body composition
- copy number
- soft tissue
- long non coding rna