Effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical interventions for managing diabetic shoulder pain: a systematic review.

Moderate- to very-low-quality evidence suggests large effects of physiotherapy modalities plus exercise and suprascapular nerve block, and trivial to small effects for surgical interventions for improving shoulder pain in patients with diabetes. Future well-designed studies are needed to provide accurate estimates of the true effects of these interventions on improving shoulder pain in patients with diabetes.Implications For RehabilitationShoulder pain may lead to disability in patients with diabetes.We recommend the use of physiotherapy interventions to reduce shoulder pain.Corticosteroid injections are recommended for short-term shoulder pain relief.