Multiplexing Biosensor for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Recovery after Ischemic Stroke.
Silvia PiccioliniValentina MangoliniFrancesca RodàAngelo MontesanoFrancesca ArnaboldiPiergiuseppe LiuzziAndrea ManniniMarzia BedoniAlice GualerziPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
The inflammatory, reparative and regenerative mechanisms activated in ischemic stroke patients immediately after the event cooperate in the response to injury, in the restoration of functions and in brain remodeling even weeks after the event and can be sustained by the rehabilitation treatment. Nonetheless, patients' response to treatments is difficult to predict because of the lack of specific measurable markers of recovery, which could be complementary to clinical scales in the evaluation of patients. Considering that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are carriers of multiple molecules involved in the response to stroke injury, in the present study, we have identified a panel of EV-associated molecules that (i) confirm the crucial involvement of EVs in the processes that follow ischemic stroke, (ii) could possibly profile ischemic stroke patients at the beginning of the rehabilitation program, (iii) could be used in predicting patients' response to treatment. By means of a multiplexing Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging biosensor, subacute ischemic stroke patients were proven to have increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and translocator protein (TSPO) on the surface of small EVs in blood. Besides, microglia EVs and endothelial EVs were shown to be significantly involved in the intercellular communications that occur more than 10 days after ischemic stroke, thus being potential tools for the profiling of patients in the subacute phase after ischemic stroke and in the prediction of their recovery.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- atrial fibrillation
- chronic kidney disease
- prognostic factors
- poor prognosis
- oxidative stress
- inflammatory response
- stem cells
- gold nanoparticles
- spinal cord
- spinal cord injury
- computed tomography
- single cell
- multiple sclerosis
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- neuropathic pain
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- combination therapy
- white matter
- cerebral ischemia
- protein protein
- positron emission tomography
- label free
- human health