Autonomous energy systems are key to sustainably powering electronic skins. Potential autonomous energy resources include sunlight, human motion, sweat, and body heat, among which the biofuel in human sweat is a most natural and available candidate. In this perspective, we discuss the promise of wearable microbial fuel cells as autonomous power suppliers for electronic skins by using the biofuels in human sweat. In comparison to wearable enzymatic biofuel cells, wearable microbial fuel cells offer easy access, low cost and superior sustainability. We summarize the present achievements and provide our vision toward future research to make wearable microbial fuel cells reliable on-skin power suppliers.
Keyphrases
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- endothelial cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- heart rate
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- low cost
- cell death
- cell proliferation
- climate change
- machine learning
- deep learning
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- artificial intelligence
- high resolution
- big data
- pluripotent stem cells
- soft tissue
- heat stress