Microbiome diversity declines while distinct expansions of Th17, iNKT, and dendritic cell subpopulations emerge after anastomosis surgery.

This anastomotic study demonstrated a decrease in IEC TLR4 expression and microbiome diversity which then coincided with increased expansion of regulatory and pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines. Defining the anastomotic mucosal environment could help inform innovative therapeutics to target excessive pro-inflammatory invasion and microbiome imbalance.