Anaplastic thyroid cancer presents formidable challenges, particularly in cases of recurrence or metastasis. Timely BRAF V600E testing is imperative at diagnosis, initially through immunohistochemistry, followed by comprehensive genomic profiling encompassing genes such as NTRK, RET, ALK, and assessment of tumor mutation burden (TMB). FDA-approved treatment options include dabrafenib and trametinib for patients with BRAF mutations, while those exhibiting high TMB may benefit from pembrolizumab. Further therapeutic decisions hinge upon mutational profile, urgency of response required, airway integrity, and access to targeted therapies There is growing use of immunotherapy for ATC based on published reports of activity, but currently there is no FDA approved agent for ATC. The off-label utilization of "precision medicine" combinations imposes a considerable financial strain, underscoring the necessity for further clinical trials to elucidate promising therapeutic avenues for this orphan disease. There is a pressing need for the development and support of clinical trials investigating genomically driven and immune-based therapies for anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Keyphrases
- clinical trial
- drug administration
- advanced non small cell lung cancer
- squamous cell carcinoma
- small cell lung cancer
- metastatic colorectal cancer
- phase ii
- genome wide
- wild type
- single cell
- copy number
- risk factors
- healthcare
- systematic review
- phase iii
- randomized controlled trial
- study protocol
- emergency department
- free survival
- adverse drug
- bioinformatics analysis
- genome wide identification
- childhood cancer