[Salzmann nodular degeneration: pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and treatment].

Salzmann nodular degeneration (SND) is a rare non-inflammatory disease observed primarily in middle-aged women. The disease generally occurs in patients with chronic inflammation of the anterior ocular surface. Its etiopathogenesis remains poorly investigated. This literature review describes clinical manifestations, risk factors and diagnostic methods, evaluates the effectiveness of different therapeutic and surgical treatment methods. Understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms, precise diagnosis and identification of the risk factors can help clinical physicians make the optimal choice of treatment strategy and achieve the best clinical outcomes.