Immediate and Late Effects of Pulse Widths and Cycles on Bipolar, Gated Radiofrequency-Induced Tissue Reactions in in vivo Rat Skin.
Hee Kyung KimHyun-Jo KimJae Yun KimMyung Jin BanJiwon SonYongsung HwangSung Bin ChoPublished in: Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology (2023)
The gated delivery of multiple RF pulse packs using a bipolar, alternating current, 1-MHz RF system using insulated microneedle electrodes efficiently generates non-necrotic thermal tissue reactions over the upper, mid, and deep dermis and subcutaneous fat in the inter-electrode areas.