The foundation for investigating factor XI as a target for inhibition in human cardiovascular disease.
Ahmed E AliRichard C BeckerPublished in: Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis (2024)
Anticoagulant therapy is a mainstay in the management of patients with cardiovascular disease and related conditions characterized by a heightened risk for thrombosis. Acute coronary syndrome, chronic coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, and atrial fibrillation are the most common. In addition to their proclivity for thrombosis, each of these four conditions is also characterized by local and systemic inflammation, endothelial/endocardial injury and dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired tissue-level reparative capabilities, and immune dysregulation that plays a critical role in linking molecular events, environmental triggers, and phenotypic expressions. Knowing that cardiovascular disease and thrombosis are complex and dynamic, can the scientific community identify a common pathway or specific point of interface susceptible to pharmacological inhibition or alteration that is likely to be safe and effective? The contact factors of coagulation may represent the proverbial "sweet spot" and are worthy of investigation. The following review provides a summary of the fundamental biochemistry of factor XI, its biological activity in thrombosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis, new targeting drugs, and a pragmatic approach to managing hemostatic requirements in clinical trials and possibly day-to-day patient care in the future.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular disease
- oxidative stress
- pulmonary embolism
- atrial fibrillation
- endothelial cells
- acute coronary syndrome
- clinical trial
- type diabetes
- coronary artery disease
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- mental health
- coronary artery
- heart failure
- catheter ablation
- healthcare
- cancer therapy
- cardiovascular risk factors
- oral anticoagulants
- dna damage
- antiplatelet therapy
- study protocol
- venous thromboembolism
- randomized controlled trial
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- stem cells
- drug delivery
- diabetic rats
- case report
- induced apoptosis
- metabolic syndrome
- single molecule
- drug induced
- cell therapy
- phase ii