New Possible Ways to Use Exosomes in Diagnostics and Therapy via JAK/STAT Pathways.
Gréta GombosNikolett NémethOndrej PösJakub StykGergely BuglyóTomas SzemesLudovit DanihelBálint NagyIstván BaloghBeáta SoltészPublished in: Pharmaceutics (2023)
Exosomes have the potential to be the future of personalized diagnostics and therapy. They are nano-sized particles between 30 and 100 nm flowing in the extracellular milieu, where they mediate cell-cell communication and participate in immune system regulation. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) secreted from different types of cancer cells are the key regulators of the tumor microenvironment. With their immune suppressive cargo, TDEs prevent the antitumor immune response, leading to reduced effectiveness of cancer treatment by promoting a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Involved signaling pathways take part in the regulation of tumor proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Signal transducers and activators of transcription factors (STATs) and Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathways are crucial in malignancies and autoimmune diseases alike, and their potential to be manipulated is currently the focus of interest. In this review, we aim to discuss exosomes, TDEs, and the JAK/STAT pathways, along with mediators like interleukins, tripartite motif proteins, and interferons.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- stem cells
- signaling pathway
- cell therapy
- immune response
- transcription factor
- single cell
- randomized controlled trial
- systematic review
- pi k akt
- oxidative stress
- bone marrow
- endothelial cells
- photodynamic therapy
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- human health
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- toll like receptor
- risk assessment
- smoking cessation